Dengue NS1 Antigen Test
Understanding Your Dengue NS1 Antigen Test
What It Is: The Dengue IgG, IgM antibody, and NS1 antigen test is a combination of blood tests used to diagnose dengue fever. These tests help identify the presence of the dengue virus in your body and provide information about the stage of the infection.
Why It's Done:
Diagnosing Dengue: These tests are crucial in diagnosing dengue, especially in the early stages of the illness.
Understanding the Stage of Infection: They help determine if the infection is recent or if it occurred in the past.
Guiding Treatment: Knowing the stage of the infection can help healthcare providers decide on the best course of treatment.
Components of the Test:
Dengue IgM Antibody Test:
When to Test: Recommended during the first 7 days of illness.
What It Measures: IgM levels become positive 4–5 days after the onset of symptoms and can remain positive for about 12 weeks, sometimes longer.
What It Indicates: A positive IgM test indicates a recent dengue infection. However, results should be interpreted carefully, as there may be cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses (viruses similar to dengue).
Dengue IgG Antibody Test:
What It Measures: IgG antibodies, which develop later in the infection and can remain in the body for years.
What It Indicates: A positive IgG test suggests a past dengue infection.
NS1 Antigen Test:
When to Test: Most effective during the first 7 days of illness.
What It Measures: The NS1 antigen is a protein produced by the dengue virus.
What It Indicates: A positive NS1 antigen test confirms an active dengue infection.
Dengue IgM antibody testing is recommended in combination with nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) or NS1 antigen tests during the first 7 days of illness.
How the Test Works:
Preparation: No special preparation is needed, but follow your healthcare provider's instructions.
Sample Collection: A healthcare professional will draw a small sample of your blood, usually from a vein in your arm.
Laboratory Analysis: The blood sample is sent to a lab where the levels of IgG, IgM antibodies, and NS1 antigen are measured.
Interpreting the Results:
Positive IgM and NS1 Antigen: Indicates a recent or active dengue infection.
Positive IgG: Suggests a past dengue infection.
Cross-Reactivity: Be aware that results may sometimes show cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, so further tests might be needed for accurate diagnosis.
Why Your Doctor Might Order This Test:
Early Diagnosis: To confirm dengue in the early stages when symptoms appear.
Understanding Infection Stage: To differentiate between recent and past infections.
Guiding Treatment: To help healthcare providers tailor the best treatment plan for you based on the stage of the infection.
Symptoms of Dengue:
High fever
Severe headache
Pain behind the eyes
Joint and muscle pain
Fatigue
Nausea
Skin rash
If you experience any of these symptoms, especially after traveling to areas where dengue is common, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.