Understanding Your Protein Electrophoresis Test
What It Is: Protein electrophoresis is a lab technique used to separate and analyze different groups of proteins in your blood serum. This test is particularly helpful in detecting abnormal proteins that may indicate certain medical conditions.
Why It's Done:
Identifying Abnormal Proteins: The test is often used to find abnormal substances called M proteins, which can be a sign of multiple myeloma, a type of cancer.
Measuring Protein Levels: It measures the levels of two main types of proteins in your blood—albumin and globulins.
How the Test Works:
Preparation: No special preparation is usually needed, but it's always best to follow your healthcare provider's instructions.
Sample Collection: A healthcare professional will draw a small sample of your blood, usually from a vein in your arm.
Laboratory Analysis:
The blood serum is applied to an acetate membrane soaked in a liquid buffer, a buffered agarose gel matrix, or into a capillary tube containing liquid.
The sample is then exposed to an electric current, which separates the serum protein components based on their size and electrical charge into five major fractions.
When Is the Test Advised: The protein electrophoresis test is advised when a healthcare provider suspects a condition affecting your plasma cells. Some symptoms that might prompt this test include:
Unexplained weight loss
Bone pain
Fatigue and weakness
Nausea and constipation
Unusual thirst and frequent urination
Frequent illnesses or fevers
Bones that fracture easily
Back pain
High levels of calcium in the blood
Understanding the Results:
Normal Results: Indicate that the protein levels in your blood are within the normal range.
Abnormal Results: Could suggest the presence of conditions such as multiple myeloma, liver disease, or chronic inflammatory diseases. High levels of M proteins may indicate multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders.
Why Your Doctor Might Order This Test:
Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma: To detect abnormal proteins that may indicate multiple myeloma.
Monitoring Existing Conditions: To track the progression of known conditions and the effectiveness of treatment.
Evaluating Symptoms: If you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, bone pain, or frequent infections, this test can help determine the cause.
Lifestyle and Management: Depending on your results, your healthcare provider might recommend further tests, treatments, or lifestyle changes to manage your health. Regular monitoring and check-ups are essential for managing conditions effectively.